Sewing FAQs – Solutions to common sewing machine problems

sewing faqs

Below is a list of common questions I am asked by people who attend my sewing classes.  This list is by no means complete, so check back as I add more explanations below from time to time.

Sewing Machine Problems

Why is my sewing machine jamming?
  • Cause: Incorrect threading, lint buildup, tangled thread, or wrong bobbin placement.
  • Solution: Rethread the sewing machine (top and bobbin), clean the bobbin case, check for lint or thread buildup, and use the correct bobbin for your sewing machine.
Why is my sewing machine not stitching?
  • Cause: Sewing machine not threaded correctly, presser foot up, or needle inserted wrong.
  • Solution: Ensure the presser foot is down, check threading, reinsert the needle correctly, and check bobbin placement.
Why is my sewing machine skipping stitches?
  • Cause: Dull, bent, or incorrect needle; wrong thread tension.
  • Solution: Replace with a new needle suited to your fabric, check and adjust thread tension, and ensure proper threading.
Why does my sewing machine thread keep breaking?
  • Cause: Tension too tight, needle or thread quality issues, or incorrect threading.
  • Solution: Rethread both upper and lower threads, loosen tension, use high-quality thread, and change the needle if needed.
Why does my sewing machine needle keep breaking?
  • Cause: Hitting a pin, wrong needle type, pulling fabric, or sewing too fast.
  • Solution: Use the right needle for the fabric, avoid sewing over pins, let the feed dogs move the fabric, and slow down.
Which sewing machine needle should I use?

Universal – general sewing
Ballpoint – knits/stretch fabrics
Microtex – fine/silk-like fabrics
Denim/Leather – heavy fabrics

Tip: Always match your needle to the fabric and thread weight.

Further reading: Sewing machine need types

When sewing, why is the bottom thread loose?
  • Cause: Top thread tension is too loose or sewing machine is threaded incorrectly.
  • Solution: Rethread the top thread, increase upper tension slightly, and ensure the presser foot is down when threading.
When sewing machine is not sewing at all?
  • Cause: Disengaged needle mechanism, threading error, or power issue.
  • Solution: Check if the handwheel is engaged, rethread everything, ensure the foot pedal is connected and power is on.
When thread bunches underneath?
  • Cause: Incorrect threading or top tension issues.
  • Solution: Completely unthread and rethread the sewing machine with the presser foot up, and ensure the bobbin is inserted correctly.
Can sewing machines overlock?

Regular sewing machine can imitate an overlock with an overcast or zigzag stitch, but for professional overlocking, use a serger/overlocker.

Can sewing machines sew leather?

Yes, with the right setup: use a leather needle, heavy-duty thread, and go slowly. A walking foot helps.

Can sewing machines do embroidery?

Some can, especially combo sewing machines (sewing + embroidery), or you can use embroidery attachments on compatible models.

Buying a Sewing Machine

Which sewing machine should I buy?
  • Beginners should look for easy-to-use sewing machine with basic functions.
  • Advanced users may want more features like automatic buttonholes, speed control, or embroidery.

In my decades of sewing, I have used quality sewing machine and cheap ones.  In my experience, the medium priced sewing machines ($300-$400) manufactured by reputable brands like Singer, Brother and Janome have been great.

Where to buy a new sewing machine

Where to buy a second hand sewing machine

If you’re lucky, you may pick up a second hand sewing machine from your local charity shop. I picked up a great Brother sewing machine for $85.00 from my local Savlos. It works perfectly.  The charity shops often give you a warranty and, if you take it home and it doesn’t work as expected, you can return it within a designated period (i.e. two weeks).  Check the details as these conditions may differ from store to store.

I bought a second hand sewing machine from Facebook Marketplace and, upon gettting it home, it didn’t work properly.  I contacted the seller asking for a refund but they blocked me!  I wouldn’t recommend this option unless you’re able to “try before you buy” and handing over the cash.

Try before you buy and borrow a sewing machine

If you’re not sure if you want to invest in a sewing machine, it’s a good idea to try before you buy.  Ask friends and family if you can use theirs.  Alternatively, the Sydney Library of Things is a not-for-profit service that provides the local community with access to useful items that can be loaded out for a short period of time, including sewing machines.

What basic functions should a sewing machine for beginners have? 

Here are the basic functions beginners should look for:

  • Straight stitch: The most used stitch for seams and general sewing. Adjustable stitch length is helpful for different fabrics and techniques.
  • Zigzag stitch: Ideal for finishing raw edges to prevent fraying. Also useful for stretch fabrics and decorative effects.
  • Reverse stitch / backstitch button: Lets you reinforce the beginning and end of seams. A must-have for durability.
  • Adjustable stitch length and width: Helps customise stitches depending on fabric thickness and project type.
  • Automatic or drop-in bobbin system: Makes threading and winding easier and more intuitive for beginners.
  • Needle threader: Saves frustration and time when setting up your sewing machine.
  • Variable speed control (or foot pedal sensitivity): Allows you to sew slowly as you learn, or faster as your confidence grows.
  • Presser foot options: At minimum, you’ll want an all-purpose foot, zipper foot and buttonhole foot.
  • Free arm: Lets you sew small, circular items like sleeves, hems, and cuffs more easily.

Bonus functions include:

  • Built-in light
  • Clear instruction manual or online video tutorials
  • Simple buttonhole function (1-step or 4-step)

Further reading: Buying a sewing machine

General Sewing Tips

When sewing, what does ‘baste’ mean?

Basting is stitching long, temporary stitches to hold fabric pieces together before final sewing. You can baste by hand or use the longest stitch setting on your machine.

Can sewing scissors be sharpened?

Yes. Use a scissor sharpener, or have them sharpened professionally for best results. Don’t use paper or foil—that’s a myth!